Electric apparatus



Jan. 18, 1944. E. v. DE BLIEUX ELECTRIC APPARATUS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Des. 12. 1941 Inventer. Eafl V De Blieux Jo 7w/ W y ..,His Attorney Patented Jan. 18, 1944 UNITED ELEC'IRIC APPARATUS Earl V. De Bliux, Pi ttsfield, Mass., assignor to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York Application December 12, 1941, Serial No. 422,624

(Cl. 1753s1) 12 Claims.

My invention relates to an electric apparatus, and to an improved arrangement for directing an insulating fluid over the winding thereof.

Heretoiore, electric apparatus, and particularly transformers and reactors have been provided with an enclosing casing or tank which is filled With an insulating fiuid, such as mineral cil for insulating the Windings and for conducting heat therefrom. In order to improve further the heat transfer characteristics of the windings they have been formed with ducts through sections of the windings through which the insulating oil mas circulate. The heat from the insulating liquid may pass to the surrounding atmosphere through the Walls of the tank, or external tubes are provided for increasing the heat radiating surface over Which the oil may pass.

It is,- therefore, an object of my invention to provide an improved arrangement for directing a cooling fiuid over surfaces of a winding of an electric apparatus.

Another object of my invention is to provide an electric apparatus with improved structure for clamping and supporting the core and for directing a cooling or insulating fiuid over the windings.

A further object of my invention is to provide an electric apparatus With improved winding structure for facilitating the circulation of a cooling fluid over surfaces of the winding.

A still further object of my invention is to provide an electric apparatus with an improved core clamping arrangement.

Further objects and advantages of my invention will become apparent from the following description referring to the accompanying drawings, and the features of novelty which characterize my invention will be pointed-out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification.

In the drawings Fig. 1 is a perspective view in partial section of transformer which.is provided with an embodiment of my invention; Fig. 2 diagrammatically illustrates the fiuid circulating system of the structure illustrated in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 diagrammatically illustrates a modifiCation of the transformer structure with the fluid circulating system illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.

In the arrangements illustrated in the drawings, I have provided a transformer structure with my improved fiuid directing arrangement for cooling the electrical parts thereof, but it is to be understood that m invention may be employed with any other suitable type of electric apparatus which has structure adapted to be cooled by a circulating fiuid. The transformer structure includes a conventional core With a plurality of Windings surrounding winding legs thereoi. Dvlcts are provided between the coils of the windings through which an insulating and cooling fiuid may circulate and a clamping arrangement is provided which cooperates with the core adjacent the windings, the core clamping arrangement definihg a chamber With an opening adjacent the ducts or passages of the windings for directing the fluid through the ducts. The core clamping arrangement may be provided adjacent any suitable portion of the winding such as at an end thereof and insul.ting means are also provided for insulatin'g the core clamp from the winding and for enclosing the end thereof. The enclosing insulating arrangement is also provided with a passage which connects a port in the core clamp chamber with the ducts or passages of the winding. Similar ocre clamping arrangements ina be provided at bath ends of the winding which arrangements may in turn be con nected to an external radiator or cooling arrangement. A pump may also be provided for circulating th fiuid through this closed system including the core clanip chambers and. the winding ducts. In order also to circulate the fluid in the space inside the transformer tank and surrounding the coils the winding ducts may be connected to that space in any suitable manner, such as by suitable duct arrangements.

Refe'rring more particularly t0 Fig. 1 of the drawings,- I have illustrated atransformer including a conventional' Core structure Il! having yoke portions H and l2 and a plurality of winding legs 13. A winding structure surrounds each of the winding legs 13 and includes a low voltage winding or coil 14 and a highVoltage winding or coil l*5. The co1e and coi] structure may be enclos'ed in any suitable casing or tank 16 which may in turn be filled with any suitable insulaiting or cooling fiuid, such as mineral cil, or an insulating liquid of the type described in Patent- 1,931,373, issued to Ciark, October 17, 1933, and which is assigned to the same assignee as this presentinvention;

18 which in turn surrounds the winding leg 13. The duct 11 may be provided in any suitable manner such as by placing axially extending spacers between the winding 14 and the cylinder l3. Another axially extending duct l9 is provided between the outside surface of the Winding 14 and a concentric cylinder upon which the winding 15 is wound. In order to fluidly connect these ducts with the space surmunding the windings I4 and inside the casing l6 suitable passages or ducts 22 and 22 may be provided which extend in a radial direction. These ducts may be provided in any suitable manner such as by placing collars 23 between portions of the windings M and [5 and by providing spacers 24 between the collars 23.

In order to provide an improved arrangement for directing the cooling or insulating fiuid over the winding or through the ducts between the concentric windings thereof, a clamping arrange ment 26 is provided adjacent any suitable porton of the winding structure, such as an end thereof. The clamping arrangement in Fig. 1 is provided at each end of the core and includes a pair of U-shape members 21 which cooperate with partitions 28 to form a chambrer 29 within each of the U-shape core clamps. The U-shape members are clamped to the sides of the yoke portions Il and l2 adjacent the ends of the windings by laterally extending straps 30 and bolts 31 which extend between the pairs of U-shape members through aligned openings in the yoke portions and clamp members. Removable covers 32 are provided in the partitions 28 adjacent the bolts so that access may be had to the ends of the bolts 3l after the U-shape members have been assembled, as shown in Fig. 1. Lifting eyes 33 may be provided at the ends of the core clamps. In order to fiuidly connect the chambers 29 with the ducts between the concentric windings, ports 34 are provided adjacent the ends of the windings. An insulating arrangement 35 is also provided between the core clamps and the ends of the windings [4 and l5 for enclosing the ends of the windings and for insulating the windings from the core clamp. A passage 36 in the insulating arrangement is also provided which connects With the port 34 for fiuidly connecting the winding ducts with the chambers 29. The insulating arrangement may be of any suitable type and in the arrangement illustrated in the dravvings it includes a plurality cf collars 31, the inner collar being spaced from the end of the winding l4 so as to provide a radially extending duct 38 which connects with the axially extending ducts. The end coils of the high voltage winding l5 are additionally insulated from the adjacent core clamp by flange ends 40 of the insulating cylinder 20. A plura1ity of insulating collars 4! may also be provided adjacent the flanges 4350 as to produce an insulating barrier of the desired thickness. These are also spaced from the adjacent surfaces of the collars 31 and winding l5 so as to provide radially extending ducts. A collar member 43 is also provided which is spaced from the outer ends of the flanged ends 40 and collars 41 so as to provide a duct which connects with the passageway 38. An outer cylinder 45 may also be provided around the high voltage winding l5 and spaced therefrom so as to provide another duct 46 which fluidly connects with the radial passage 38.

The fluid of the transformer structure may be ci1culated-through the chambers deflned by the core clamps and the connectlng winding ducts in any suitable manner, and in the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 1, I provide a passage 55 which connects With a. suitable opening in the side of one of the core clamps. A similar passage 51 may be provided in one of the core clamps at the opposite end of the winding structure. The passages 50 and 51 may be composed of any suitable material such as a flexible hose connection. The adjacent pairs of chambers 29 within the core clamps may also be connected together in any suitable manner such as through flexible hose connections 52. As may be seen in Fig. 2, the passage 50 may be connected to any suitable circulatory system such as a pump 53 through the pipe 54 and an external radiator arrangement 55 which is in turn connected to the passage 5l through a pipe system 56. Assuming, therefore, that the pump discharges into the pipe 54, the fluid Will be circulated into the core clamp chambers 29 connected to the passage 5E1. The liquid will then circulate through the various ports 34 into the radially extending passages or ducts 38. The fiuid will then pass through the various axial passages, out through the radial passages 22, and into the space surrounding the coil structures and inside the casing [6. The fluid will then enter the passages 22' and pass to the adjacent axial ducts which in turn exhaust into the core clamp chambers 29 at the opposite end of the transformer structure. The fluid will then pass out through the passage 5l through the connection 56 Where it will give up its heat to the radiator surfaces 55. Openings 51 may be provided in the inner cylinder la so that the insulating fluid may fiow around the winding laminations.

In Fig. 3 I have illustrated a modification of the structure of Figs. 1 and 2 which includes a plurality of low voltage pancake coil sections 60 which surround an insulating cylinder 6l and spaced therefrom so as to provide an axially extending passageway 62. The pancake windings 60 are spaced from each other in the conventional manner so as to provide a plurality of radially extending passages cr ducts 63 therebetween. The high voltage windings are similarly provided with a plurality of pancake sections 64 with ducts 65 therebetween. A cylinder 65 is provided between the high and low voltage windings with a pair of cylinders 61 and 68 concentric With the cylinder 66, as is illustrated in Fig. 3, and spaced thereirom to provide axially extending passages 69 and 10. The cylinders 81 and 68 are provided with a plurality of slots 1l adjacent the ducts 63 and 65 50 as to connect the axially extending ducts 69 and 10 with the radially extending ducts between the pancake winding sections. The insulating fiuid may then circulate between the ducts and a core clamp structure similar to that illustrated in Fig. 1, having a chamber 12 which communicates with the passages 69 and 10 through a port 13. The fiuid may then be withdrawn from the winding structure through a port 14 in a tank structure 15 as the ends of the winding ducts opposite the core clamp are open to the tank. The fiuid may then pass through a radiator similar to 55 in Fig. 2 and then be returned to the chamber 12 of the core clamp structure.

It is to be assumed that various other circulating combinations may be provided for the structures which have been described above. Thus, in the structure illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, only a core clamp at one end may be employed the other end of the winding ducts being open and communicating with the tank, as illustrated in Fig. 3, the fiud being then allowed to circulate through a port such as 14, in the tank structure. Also, in the structure illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 the fluid may be circulated into the core clamps at both ends of the core structure so that the fiuid will circulate through the axial passages and out through the center radial passages into the space inside the casing l where the fluid may pass through apassage such as 14 and then be circulated through a co0ler and back to the core clamp chambers. Furthermore, any of these circulating directions may be reversed by merely reversing the direction of the flow of fiuid through the pump.

Modifications of the particular arrangements Which I have disclosed embodying my invention will occur to those skilld in the art, so that I do not desire my invention to be limited to the particular arrangements set forth and I intend in the appended claims to cover all modifications which do not depart from the spirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1, An electric apparatus including a core, a winding cooperating magnetically with said core, said winding having a plurality of axially extending ducts, clamp means cooperating with said core adjacent said winding, said core clamp means defining a chamber having an intake passage, a fluid Within said chamber, insulating means defining a radially extending duct connecting with said axially extending ducts, said chamber having port means adjacent a portion of said winding and communicating with said radially extending duct, radiator means fiuidly connected with said chamber intake passage and with a portion of said winding removed from said first-mentioned portion, and means for circulating said fiuid through said ducts between said first and second portions, through said radiator and said chamber.

2. An electric apparatus including a core, a Winding cooperating magnetically with said core, U-shaped clamp means cooperating with said core adjacent said winding, and a partition closing said clamp means 50 as to provide a chamber within said clamp means, said chamber having port means adjacent said winding for directing an insulating fiuid over said winding.

3. An electric apparatus including a core, a winding including a plurality of coils, means providing ducts between said coils, clamp means cooperating with said core adjacent a portion of said winding, said core clamp means defining a chamber, said chamber having port means, an insulating means for insulating said adjacent portion of said winding from said clamp means, said insulating means having a passage for fiuidly connecting said port means with said ducts for directing a fiuid between said chamber and said ducts.

4. An electric apparatus including a core, a winding having a plurality of concentric coils, means providing ducts between said coils, clamp means cooperating with said core adjacent an end of said winding, said core clamp means defimng a chamber with port means, and insulating means between said end of said coils and said clamp means for closing said end of said coils and insulating said coils from said clamp means, said insulating means having a passage for fiuidly connecting said port means with said ducts.

5. An electric apparatus including a core having a winding leg, a cylinder having flanges at the ends thereof, a winding having a coil on said cylinder, means forming ducts between portions of said winding, core clamp means adjacent the ends of said winding, said core clamp means defining a chamber with port means, and insulating means including said flanges between said clamp means and said coil for insulating said coil from said core, said insulating means having passage for fluidly connecting said port means with said ducts.

6. An electric apparatus including a core having a winding leg, a plurality of concentric coils surrounding said winding leg, means providing axial ducts between said coils, clamp means cooperating with said core at the ends of said winding leg, said core clamp means having a chamber, a tank enclosing said core and coils, said chamber having port means, insulating means between the ends of said coils and said core clamp means for enclosing the ends of said coils and insulating said coils from said clamp means, said insulating means having passages for fiuidly connecting said port means with said ducts, and means defining radial ducts between said axial ducts and the space wthin said tank and surrounding said winding so as to provide for free circulation of a fiuid between said chambers, ducts, and the space within said tank.

7. An electric apparatus including a core having a winding leg, an insulating cylinder surrounding said winding leg, a coi] surrounding said cylinder, a second cylinder surrounding said first-mentioned winding, means providing ducts between said first-mentioned winding and said second cylinder, clamp means cooperating with said core at the ends of said Winding leg, said core clamp means having a chamber with port means, insulating means between the ends of said coil and said core clamp means, said insulating means having passages for fiuidly connecting said port means with said ducts, said first cylinder having openings for fiuidly connecting the space between said first cylinder and said winding leg with said passages of said insulating means.

8. An electric apparatus including a core having a yoke portion and a winding leg, a coi] surrounding said winding leg, a pair of U-shaped members on either side of said yoke portions, means for clamping said members to said yoke portions, and partitions closing said U-shaped members so that said memberg define chambers, said chambers having ports adjacent said coil so that fiuid may be circulated between said chamber and said coil.

9. An electric apparatus including a core having a winding leg, a pair of concentric coils around said Winding leg, an insulating cylinder between said coils, ducts between said cylinder and the adjacent surface of each coil, core clamp means adjacent an end of said coils, said core clamp means having a chamber, said chamber having port means fluidly connected with said ducts, and slots placed in said cylinder so that fluid may pass through said ducts and over surfaces of said coils.

10. An electric apparatus including a tank, a core, a winding having duct means and cooperating magnetically with said core, clamp means cooperating with said core adjacent an end of said duct means, said core clamp means defining a chamber, said chamber having an intake passage and port means adjacent said end of said winding duct means, insulatng means having a passage for connecting said chamber port With said end of said duct means, another end of said duct means being open to said tank, radiator means, means for fluidly connecting said radiator means with said tank and said chamber so that fluid may circulate through the fiuid system includin said duct means, said tank, said radiatoz means, and said chamber.

11. An electric apparatus including a core, a winding cooperating magnetically with said core, said winding having a plurality of ducts, a tank enclosing said core and wnding, clamp means cooperating with said core adjacent one end of said winding, said core clamp means defining a chamber inside said tank, an insulating fluid w1thin said chamber, said chamber having port means communicating with said duccs, insulating means for enclosin said winding and directing said fiuid passing from said port means through said ducts, and means providing passages communicating from said ducts through said insu- 1ating means into the space outsde said wlnding and nside said casing.

12. An electric apparatus including a core, a winding cooperating magnetically With said core, said winding having a. plurality of ducts, a tank enclosing said core and winding, clamp means cooperang with said core adjacent the ends of said windng, said core clamp means defining chambers at. each end of said core and inside said tank, an insulating fluid within said chambers, said chambers having port means communicatng wth said ducts, insulating means for enclosing said winding so that said fiuid will flow between said ducts and said chambers, and means intermediate the ends of said winding providng passages communcatng from said ducts through said insulating means into the space outside said windings and inside said casing.

EARL V. DE BLIEX. 

